Total Knee Replacement

Knee Replacement  Procedure

The components of Knee Replacement available in Mumbai, India are US FDA approved from Leading Companies.

Knee Replacements done in Mumbai, India are standardised and are comparable to the best centers of Joint Replacements in the world.

The reason why most Patients from abroad Consider to get a knee Replacement in Mumbai is because it has exceptionally Skilled and dedicated Surgeons and Excellent Set-ups for Joint Replacement surgery at a very reasonable and competitive price.

The tibial component (bottom portion) replaces the top surface of the lower bone, the tibia. The femoral component (top portion) replaces the bottom surface of the upper bone (the femur) and the groove where the patella fits. The patellar component (kneecap portion) replaces the surface of the patella where it glides in the groove on the femur.

The femoral component is made of metal. The tibial component is usually made of two parts: a metal tray that is attached directly to the bone, and a plastic spacer that provides the slick surface. The plastic used is so tough and slick that you could ice skate on a sheet of it without damaging the material much. The patellar component is usually made of plastic as well. In some types of knee implants, the patellar component is made of a combination of metal and plastic.

A cemented prosthesis is held in place by a type of epoxy cement that attaches the metal to the bone.

The Operation

To begin the procedure, the surgeon makes an incision on the front of the knee to allow access to the joint. Several different approaches can be used to make the incision. The choice is usually based on the surgeon's training and preferences.

Once the knee joint is opened, a special positioning device (a cutting guide) is placed on the end of the femur. This cutting guide is used to ensure that the bone is cut in the proper alignment to the leg's original angles, even if the arthritis has made you bowlegged or knock-kneed. With the help of the cutting guide, removes the worn out surfaces and shapes the lower end of Femur in such a way that the prosthesis can fit it perfectly. The artificial knee will replace these worn surfaces with a metal surface.
Next, the surface of the tibia is prepared. Another type of cutting guide is used to make the cut  in the correct alignment.

Then the articular surface of the patella is removed

The metal femoral component is then placed on the femur. In the cemented variety, anepoxy cement is used to attach the metal prosthesis to the bone.

The metal tray that holds the plastic spacer is then attached to the top of the tibia. This metal tray is cemented into place.

The plastic spacer is then attached to the metal tray of the tibial component. If this component should wear out while the rest of the artificial knee is sound, it can be replaced. The replacement procedure is called a retread.

The surgeon then sizes the patellar component and puts it into place behind the patella. This piece is usually cemented in place.

The most important step is Ligament Balancing. Even if  all the components are fitted perfectly in correct alignment but if the ligament balancing is not done , then there is a good chace of early failure.

The ligaments in question are the Medial and Lateral Collateral Ligament of the knee joint. The ligaments Should be balanced in Such a way that by applying equal amount of force in Varus or Valgus the knee Opens Equally  laterally and medially respectively.

Finally, the soft tissues are sewn back together, and staples are used to hold the skin incision together